Linux

1. Backing Up Data cp <-> rsync rsync is more efficient, because it checks if the file being copied already exists. rsync copies only the parts of files that have actually changed, it can be very fast cp can only copy files to and from destinations on the local machine (unless mounted using NFS), rsync can also be used to copy files from one machine to another. someone@host:path 2. Using rsync a very useful way to back up a project directory might be to use the following command....

3. using the file utility in linux, a file’s extension does not, by default, ategorize its nature the way it might in other operating systems. for example, one cannot assume that a file named “file.txt” is a text file and not an executable program. 6. Lab10.2: Using diff and patch diff -Naur original modified > original.patch patch original < original.patch

A special shorthand notation can send anything written to file descriptor 2 (stderr) to the same place as file descriptor 1 (stdout): 2>&1. $ do_something > all-output-file 2>&1 bash permits an easier syntax for the above: $ do_something >& all-output-file in pipe… $ command1 | command2 | command3 The above represents what we often call a pipeline, and allows Linux to combine the actions of several commands into one. This is extraordinarily efficient because command2 and command3 do not have to wait for the previous pipeline commands to complete before they can begin processing at the data in their input streams...

the system actually provide display settings, is uses /etc/x11/xorg.conf in recent linux, the file usually present in unusual cricumstatnce such as when cirtain Less common graphic drivers are in use. changing the file is usually for more advanced users. Network Time Protocol the Network Time Protocol is most popular and reliable protocol for setting local time by consulting established internet servers. student:/tmp> $ xdpyinfo | grep dim dimensions: 3200x1080 pixels (847x286 millimeters)

apply system, display, timesetting.. track the network settings and manage connections using network manager in linux. install and update software in linux from a graphical interface.