Kernel

A special shorthand notation can send anything written to file descriptor 2 (stderr) to the same place as file descriptor 1 (stdout): 2>&1. $ do_something > all-output-file 2>&1 bash permits an easier syntax for the above: $ do_something >& all-output-file in pipe… $ command1 | command2 | command3 The above represents what we often call a pipeline, and allows Linux to combine the actions of several commands into one. This is extraordinarily efficient because command2 and command3 do not have to wait for the previous pipeline commands to complete before they can begin processing at the data in their input streams...

the system actually provide display settings, is uses /etc/x11/xorg.conf in recent linux, the file usually present in unusual cricumstatnce such as when cirtain Less common graphic drivers are in use. changing the file is usually for more advanced users. Network Time Protocol the Network Time Protocol is most popular and reliable protocol for setting local time by consulting established internet servers. student:/tmp> $ xdpyinfo | grep dim dimensions: 3200x1080 pixels (847x286 millimeters)

apply system, display, timesetting.. track the network settings and manage connections using network manager in linux. install and update software in linux from a graphical interface.

Graphical Desktop Graphical Desktop CLI or GUI. GUI is quick and easy. for repeated tasks, the CLI is often more efficient, while the GUI is easier to navigate if you do not remember all the details or do something only rarely. X Window System X window system is loaded as one of the final steps in boot process. It is often just called X. A service called the Display Manager keeps track of displays being provided and loads the X server (so-called, because it provides graphical services to applications, sometimes called X clients....

Graphical interface Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: Manage graphical interface sessions. Perform basic operations using the graphical interface. Change the graphical desktop to suit your needs.